The U.S. antidumping law, according to its supporters, ensures "fair trade" by offsetting market distortions caused by foreign governments. Specifically, it allegedly targets "unfair" pricing practices--price discrimination and below-cost sales--that reflect protectionism, cartelization, subsidies, and other structural defects in foreign markets. The evidence reviewed in this study shows that there is a disconnect between the rhetoric of antidumping supporters and the reality of antidumping practice.