Final Report submitted to the Food and
Agricultural Organisation (FAO) of the United Nations, Rome, Italy. ANU
Forestry: Canberra, ACT. 54 pp. (Download PDF version, 238 kb).

"Global Survey and Analytical Framework for Forestry Out-grower Arrangements", prepared for FAO by Helen Desmond and Digby Race, examines seventeen outgrower schemes in Brazil, Colombia, Ghana, India, Indonesia, New Zealand, Portugal, Solomon Islands, South Africa, Vanuatu and Zimbabwe,
all of which began since 1989. At present, they involve a total of some
10,000 farmers, who have already planted over 80,000 hectares of trees.
Small-scale farmers who each plant only a couple of hectares of trees make
up the bulk of scheme participants, although in a few cases a single farmer
may plant 200 hectares or more.