Agriculture prices have always experienced their ups and downs. But in recent years, those ups and downs have become more sharp and extreme. And the result has been deadly to many of those around the world facing hunger.
Tomorrow the UN Food and Agriculture Organization will hold a special meeting to examine extreme volatility in global grain prices. The meeting was brought on by the recent spike in the price of wheat and concerns that the the world will once again experience escalating food prices - similar to what happened in 2007-2008.
Historically, one of the key tools that communities and governments have used to temper the inevitable swings in agriculture supply has been reserves. Food reserves set aside food in times of plenty and release food in times of scarcity.
Unfortunately, a several decade push toward market deregulation has discouraged the use of reserves. But the recent extreme highs and lows in agriculture prices have spurred a resurgent of interest - not only at the international level, but at the regional and local level too. In our press release today, we call on the FAO to consider the establishment of food reserves. And we issued a new report by Sophia Murphy on how the international trade rules treat food reserves.
Special UN Food and
Agriculture meeting should put food reserves on the table
Reserves could help stabilize
increasingly volatile agriculture markets
Minneapolis/Geneva – When the UN Food and Agriculture
Organization (FAO) holds a special meeting on increasing volatility in
agriculture prices on Friday in Rome, governments should consider the
establishment of food reserves to help stabilize the marketplace, according to
the Institute for Agriculture and Trade Policy (IATP).
Food reserves, which set aside food in times of plenty and
release food in times of scarcity, can be established at the local, regional,
national or international level. Traditionally, food reserves have helped to
stabilize prices for both consumers and farmers. But a several-decade push for
market deregulation has discouraged the use of food reserves in recent years.
IATP released a new report today, “Trade
and Food Reserves” by Sophia Murphy, examining how international
trade agreements treat food reserves. The report found that while World Trade
Organization rules actually give countries plenty of flexibility to establish
food reserves, trade rules do create obstacles to the public policies that
would be needed for them to function effectively.
“Trade and food reserves should be seen as complementary
tools for tackling the inherent instability in agriculture markets,” said
Murphy. “The pendulum has swung too far toward a deregulated market, which has
hurt both farmers and the world’s hungry. In this age of climate change, it is
time to establish reserves as an insurance policy against market disruptions,
like those we’ve seen this year in wheat.”
The FAO special meeting will examine recent spikes in food
prices, primarily wheat, in an attempt to avoid a repeat of the 2007-08 food
price crisis that led to a sharp increase in global hunger. The FAO Committee
on Food Security will meet in October 2010 to further discuss food price
volatility. Experts agree that many of the ingredients for another crisis are
still in place, despite efforts to address unregulated speculation in global
commodity markets and some of the other causes of volatility.
Food reserves are receiving increasing support from
governments internationally. At the G-8 meeting in Italy last year, some 30
governments and a wide range of intergovernmental organizations recommended
that a system of stockholding be explored. The Comprehensive Framework for
Action, a joint UN-system (including the WTO, World Bank and IMF) response to
the global food crisis, also includes reserves as a policy tool recommendation.
And a series of intergovernmental efforts to explore food reserves includes
ASEAN (Association of Southeast Asian Nations) and the four BRIC countries (Brazil,
Russia, India and China).
Earlier this year, IATP joined 60 civil society
organizations from around the world calling on the
UN to take action on food reserves. Last year, IATP’s paper “Strategic Grain
Reserves in an Era of Volatility” reviewed why governments have
historically used reserves as a tool to manage volatility. IATP has co-hosted
two meetings, in Washington, D.C. and Brussels, on the role of food reserves in
tackling the food crisis. You can find background on the meetings and
publications at IATP’s
Food Security web page.
