########  Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy   #########

Greetings,

I thought for those that have not seen these figures, for some, they
might be interesting to keep for your files for later use...

http://www.vegsource.com/articles/sheep_exports.htm

TSS

Terry S. Singeltary Sr. wrote:

>
>
>
> Mysterious BSE-like disease found in sheep
>
>
> 16:58 08 April 04
>
> NewScientist.com news service
>
>
> A massive research programme to find out whether BSE is circulating in
> British sheep has turned up its first suspicious result. But while
> scientists say the sheep did not have conventional BSE, they cannot rule
> out the possibility that it could have had a new form of mad cow disease
> that has adapted to sheep.
>
> Britain's Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs has
> announced that the Veterinary Laboratories Agency in Weybridge, England,
> had found "a type of scrapie not previously seen in the UK". Scrapie is
> a sheep disease similar to BSE which is not generally thought to harm
> people.
>
> DEFRA said the disease-causing prion detected in the sheep's brain "had
> some characteristics similar to experimental BSE in sheep", but that on
> other tests it resembled neither BSE nor "previously recognised types of
> scrapie".
>
> The UK's Food Standards Agency said in a statement: "Uncertainties still
> remain on this issue. However, based on the best scientific evidence to
> date, we are not advising against eating lamb and sheep meat."
>
>
> Meat and bone
>
> There have long been fears that sheep which ate cattle-derived meat and
> bone meal during Britain's BSE epidemic in the 1980s might have acquired
> BSE, although they have never been confirmed.
>
> Unlike BSE in cattle, prion diseases spread directly from sheep to
> sheep. So any BSE in sheep could still be circulating despite subsequent
> bans on animal-derived feed.
>
> Furthermore, sheep experimentally fed BSE develop a disease
> indistinguishable from ordinary scrapie, making detection very
> difficult. Yet the prion from such animals still behaves like BSE, and
> could cause the fatal human disease vCJD.
>
> Worse, sheep carry prions in more tissues than cattle, including the
> muscle that people eat, so BSE-infected sheep could cause more human
> disease than mad cows.
>
> A previous attempt to determine whether British sheep had acquired BSE
> went spectacularly wrong in 2001 when sheep and cattle brains were mixed
> up in the lab. But since then, the VLA has tested the brains of all 1019
> newly reported cases of scrapie, as well as 1125 scrapie brains dating
> back to 1998, with tests designed to distinguish scrapie from BSE.
>
>
> Blot test
>
> The new result announced on Wednesday, from a sheep recently reported
> with scrapie symptoms, is the first to give results that resembled BSE.
> Danny Matthews of the VLA told New Scientist that in a prion test called
> a western blot, the sheep's brain did not bind an antibody called P4. P4
> also does not bind prions from sheep experimentally infected with BSE,
> but does bind all but one forms of scrapie tested with it.
>
> Also like BSE, the form of the prion without a sugar attached to it had
> a lower molecular weight than the form found in scrapie. But the ratio
> of prions with different numbers of sugars on them looked like scrapie,
> not BSE, says Matthews.
>
> Most conclusively, immunohistochemistry (IHC), in which thin slices of
> the sheep's brain were stained with various antibodies, showed prions
> had accumulated in different parts of the brain and different kinds of
> cells from BSE - or any known form of scrapie.
>
>
> Passing change
>
> IHC seems to be a reliable indicator of BSE, as it has given a constant
> pattern in the 100 sheep of different genetic varieties experimentally
> infected with BSE and tested so far. But so little scrapie has been
> tested, says Matthews, it is not known if one strain might give these
> results on the tests.
>
>
> More on this story
>
> Subscribe
>  to
> New Scientist for more news and features
>
>
> Related Stories
>
>
> vCJD deaths will rise if UK sheep have BSE
> 
> 9 January 2002
>
> Bungled BSE experiments due to refrigerator mix-up
> 
> 30 November 2001
>
> BSE experiment farce deepens
> 
> 23 October 2001
>
>
> For more related stories
> search the print edition Archive 
>
>
>
> Weblinks
>
>
> UK Department of Environment, Food and Rural Affairs
> 
>
> Veterinary Laboratories Agency
> 
>
> UK Food Standards Agency 
>
>
>
>
> The IHC pattern reliably indicates BSE, says Matthews, having been
> constant in the 100 experimentally infected sheep of different genetic
> varieties tested so far. But so little scrapie has been tested, he says,
> it is not known if one strain might give these results on the tests.
>
> One possibility, he says, is that the sheep might have been carrying a
> prion initially derived from BSE. Passage into new species is well known
> to change prions.
>
> BSE from experimentally infected sheep has so far been passed to just
> one more round of sheep, with no apparent change. "But we don't know if
> passage through many sheep, of different genetic types, might change it
> so it no longer gives the same pattern in IHC or western blots," says
> Matthews. "Those experiments are underway now."
>
> Any such new incarnation of BSE in sheep may - or may not - have lost
> its ability to harm humans.
>
>
>
> Debora MacKenzie
>
> http://www.newscientist.com/news/news.jsp?id=ns99994869
>
>
> NEW SCIENTIST MAGAZINE 4/02/01
>
> NEW SCIENTIST EDITORIAL PAGE 3
>
> MAD SHEEP DISEASE?
>
> IF THERE is one categorical pronouncement you
> can safely make about prion diseases like BSE
> or CJD, it is that one should not make
> categorical pronouncements. "British beef is
> safe" and "there is no BSE in Germany" come
> to mind. Now there are two more: "scrapie is
> safe", and "people don't catch sporadic CJD".
> Scrapie is the most widespread prion
> disease, infecting untold numbers of
> sheep worldwide. Sporadic CJD is the
> old-fashioned pre-BSE kind that is supposed
> to happen spontaneously in unlucky people.
> But a surprise observation in France suggests
> some sCJD cases--though by no means all--may
> be linked to scrapie after all (see p 4).
>
> For years, British authorities asserted that
> BSE was harmless because it was a form of
> scrapie. In fact, the only evidence scrapie
> is safe is some broad-brush epidemiology, good
> as far as it goes but unable to reveal
> occasional risks for some people from some
> sheep. Alarm bells should have rung in 1980
> when researchers gave monkeys scrapie by
> feeding them infected brains. But that
> research, like so much other work on
> prion diseases, was never followed up.
> We still have little idea what BSE does
> in pigs and chickens. The Queniborough
> vCJD outbreak (see p 5) would be easier
> to understand if we knew how much brain
> we must eat to be infected. As for scrapie,
> it shouldn't take a chance finding to
> tell us that there may be dangerous sheep
> out there.
>
> Suspect symptoms
>
> What if you can catch old-fashioned CJD by
> eating meat from a sheep infected with
> scrapie?
>
> Exclusive from New Scientist magazine
>
> Four years ago, Terry Singeltary watched his
> mother die horribly from a degenerative brain disease.................
>
> full text url follows
> By Debora MacKenzie
>
> Suspect Symptoms
>
> http://www.newscientist.com/hottopics/bse/suspectsymptoms.jsp
>
> if url dead, go here for 'SUSPECT SYMPTOMS'
>
> you can access article here also;
>
>
> http://www.organicconsumers.org/meat/scrapiecjd.cfm
>
> http://www.vegancowboy.org/TSS-SuspectSymptoms.html
>
> Then follow up with PNAS studies from which
> new scientist article written from;
>
> Published online before print March 20, 2001
> Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 10.1073/pnas.041490898
> Abstract of this Article
> Reprint (PDF) Version of this Article
> Similar articles found in:
> PNAS Online
> PubMed
> PubMed Citation
> Search Medline for articles by:
> Lasmézas, C. I. || Deslys, J.-P.
> Alert me when:
> new articles cite this article
> Download to Citation Manager
> Neurobiology
> Adaptation of the bovine spongiform encephalopathy agent to primates and
> comparison with Creutzfeldt- Jakob disease: Implications for human health
> Corinne Ida Lasmézas*, [dagger] , Jean-Guy Fournier*, Virginie Nouvel*,
> Hermann Boe*, Domíníque Marcé*, François Lamoury*, Nicolas Kopp [Dagger
> ] , Jean-Jacques Hauw§, James Ironside¶, Moira Bruce [||] , Dominique
> Dormont*, and Jean-Philippe Deslys*
>
> * Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, Service de Neurovirologie,
> Direction des Sciences du Vivant/Département de Recherche Medicale,
> Centre de Recherches du Service de Santé des Armées 60-68, Avenue du
> Général Leclerc, BP 6, 92 265 Fontenay-aux-Roses Cedex, France; [Dagger
> ]  Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, 59, Boulevard Pinel, 69003
> Lyon, France; § Laboratoire de Neuropathologie, Hôpital de la
> Salpêtrière, 83, Boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France; ¶
> Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease Surveillance Unit, Western General Hospital,
> Crewe Road, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, United Kingdom; and [||]  Institute for
> Animal Health, Neuropathogenesis Unit, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9
> 3JF, United Kingdom
>
> Edited by D. Carleton Gajdusek, Centre National de la Recherche
> Scientifique, Gif-sur-Yvette, France, and approved December 7, 2000
> (received for review October 16, 2000)
>
>             Abstract
> Top
> Abstract
> Introduction
> Materials and Methods
> Results
> Discussion
> Conclusions
> References
>
> There is substantial scientific evidence to support the notion that
> bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) has contaminated human beings,
> causing variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (vCJD). This disease has
> raised concerns about the possibility of an iatrogenic secondary
> transmission to humans, because the biological properties of the
> primate-adapted BSE agent are unknown. We show that (i) BSE can be
> transmitted from primate to primate by intravenous route in 25 months,
> and (ii) an iatrogenic transmission of vCJD to humans could be readily
> recognized pathologically, whether it occurs by the central or
> peripheral route. Strain typing in mice demonstrates that the BSE agent
> adapts to macaques in the same way as it does to humans and confirms
> that the BSE agent is responsible for vCJD not only in the United
> Kingdom but also in France. The agent responsible for French iatrogenic
> growth hormone-linked CJD taken as a control is very different from vCJD
> but is similar to that found in one case of sporadic CJD and one sheep
> scrapie isolate. These data will be key in identifying the origin of
> human cases of prion disease, including accidental vCJD transmission,
> and could provide bases for vCJD risk assessment.
>
>             Introduction
> Top
> Abstract
> Introduction
> Materials and Methods
> Results
> Discussion
> Conclusions
> References
>
> The recognition of a variant of the human transmissible spongiform
> encephalopathy (TSE) Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (vCJD) in the U.K. in
> 1996 raised the major concern that it would correspond to human
> infection with the agent responsible for bovine spongiform
> encephalopathy (BSE; ref. 1). Transmission of BSE to macaques provided
> the first experimental evidence as it produced a disease close to vCJD
> in humans (2). Strain typing in inbred mice (consisting of measuring the
> incubation period and establishing lesion profiles corresponding to the
> strain-specific distribution of brain vacuolation) allows reliable
> identification of TSE strains (3). This method, together with
> biochemical methods, has revealed a single phenotype for the agents of
> BSE and the British cases of vCJD (4-6). Mice expressing only the bovine
> prion protein (PrP) were highly susceptible to vCJD and BSE, which
> induced the same disease (7). Thus, it is now well established that BSE
> has caused vCJD, probably by alimentary contamination. In this respect,
> the finding of abnormal PrP labeling in the gastrointestinal tract and
> lymphatic tissues of orally BSE-contaminated lemurs shows that the BSE
> agent can infect primates by the oral route (8). About 1 million
> contaminated cattle may have entered the human food chain, and the
> future number of vCJD cases could range from 63 to 136,000 depending on
> the incubation period of BSE in humans (9). Unlike sporadic CJD (sCJD)
> and iatrogenic CJD (iCJD) linked to the administration of contaminated
> growth hormone extracted from human hypophyses, in vCJD, the infectious
> agent seems to be widely distributed in lymphoid organs, as pathological
> PrP (PrPres) can be detected in tonsils, lymph nodes, spleen, and
> appendix even in the preclinical phase of the disease (10, 11). This
> raises a public health issue with regard to the risk of iatrogenic
> transmission of vCJD through surgical instruments, grafts, blood
> transfusion, or parenteral administration of biological products of
> human origin. However, this risk is difficult to assess, because it
> largely depends on factors such as the virulence of the BSE agent
> adapted to primates and the efficiency of secondary transmission to
> humans by a peripheral route such as the i.v. one. A further issue is
> whether vCJD accidentally acquired from humans would be recognized. The
> latter poses the question of a phenotypic variation of the BSE agent
> after successive transmissions in humans: does it retain its strain
> characteristics, and does it induce a pathology similar to that observed
> in the previous host? A 9-year history of transmission of BSE to
> primates and mice enables us today to clarify a number of these
> important points.
>
> Although BSE has mainly affected the U.K., two definite cases and one
> probable case of vCJD have now been reported in France in people who
> have never resided in the U.K. (12, 13). We strain-typed the first of
> these cases to establish its origin. Strain typing in C57BL/6 mice of
> BSE, French, and British vCJD was compared with that of BSE passaged in
> nonhuman primates, thus allowing us to study the effect of serial
> passages in primates. Comparisons were also made with French cases of
> sCJD and iCJD and two strains of scrapie (one of French and one of U.S.
> origin). Our findings provide experimental demonstration that the same
> agent, namely that responsible for the cattle disease BSE, has caused
> vCJD both in France and in the U.K., in line with biochemical data and
> with the fact that, until 1996, about 10% of the beef consumed in France
> was imported from the U.K. We found that the BSE agent in nonhuman
> primates is similar to that causing vCJD in humans and tends to evolve
> rapidly toward a primate-adapted variant. Furthermore, we showed that
> the strain responsible for iCJD is closely related to that of one
> patient with sCJD, and, more unexpectedly, that these agents were
> similar to the French scrapie strain studied (but different from the
> U.S. scrapie strain). This finding requires a cautious interpretation
> for several reasons, not least because of the inevitably limited number
> of TSE strains that can be studied by such a cumbersome method as strain
> typing. Nonetheless, it also prompts reconsideration of the possibility
> that, in some instances, sheep and human TSEs can share a common origin.
>
> snip...
>
> http://www.pnas.org/cgi/content/full/041490898v1
>
> TSS
>
>

###########  http://mailhost.rz.uni-karlsruhe.de/warc/bse-l.html  ############



-------- Original Message --------

Docket No. 03-080-1 -- USDA ISSUES PROPOSED RULE TO ALLOW LIVE ANIMAL
IMPORTS FROM CANADA [takes a few minutes to load]


https://web01.aphis.usda.gov/BSEcom.nsf/BSEFrameset?OpenFrameSet&Frame=BottomFrame&Src=_25t156hb3dtmisrjjconjcc9n6ph6ccr66oqjgdpo74qm6e1l68qjcp9hc4o30dhgckq34phfc8rjgoj16orjep9ic8o66c9i64s3achl6pi68cpg60r38eb675i3ujrgcln48rr3elmmarjk4p0nat3f8pp62rb5cg0_


Docket No. 2003N-0312 Animal Feed Safety System [TSS SUBMISSION]

http://www.fda.gov/ohrms/dockets/dockets/03n0312/03N-0312_emc-000001.txt


Docket Management Docket: 02N-0273 - Substances Prohibited From Use in
Animal Food or Feed; Animal Proteins Prohibited in Ruminant Feed
Comment Number: EC -10
Accepted - Volume 2

http://www.fda.gov/ohrms/dockets/dailys/03/Jan03/012403/8004be07.html

PART 2

http://www.fda.gov/ohrms/dockets/dailys/03/Jan03/012403/8004be09.html


PDF]Freas, William TSS SUBMISSION
File Format: PDF/Adobe Acrobat -
Page 1. J Freas, William From: Sent: To: Subject: Terry S. Singeltary
Sr. [flounder@wt.net] Monday, January 08,200l 3:03 PM freas ...


http://www.fda.gov/ohrms/dockets/ac/01/slides/3681s2_09.pdf


Asante/Collinge et al, that BSE transmission to the 129-methionine
genotype can lead to an alternate phenotype that is indistinguishable
from type 2 PrPSc, the commonest _sporadic_ CJD;


http://www.fda.gov/ohrms/dockets/ac/03/slides/3923s1_OPH.htm


Docket Management Docket: 96N-0417 - Current Good Manufacturing Practice
in Manufacturing, Packing, or Holding Dietary Ingredients a
Comment Number: EC -2
Accepted - Volume 7


http://www.fda.gov/ohrms/dockets/dailys/03/Mar03/031403/96N-0417-EC-2.htm


[PDF] Appendices to PL107-9 Inter-agency Working Group Final Report 1-1
File Format: PDF/Adobe Acrobat - View as HTML
Agent, Weapons of Mass Destruction Operations Unit Federal Bureau of
those who provided comments in response to Docket No. ...
Meager 8/18/01 Terry S. Singeltary Sr ...

www.aphis.usda.gov/lpa/pubs/pubs/PL107-9_Appen.pdf


# Docket No: 02-088-1 RE-Agricultural Bioterrorism Protection Act of
2002; [TSS SUBMISSION ON POTENTIAL FOR BSE/TSE & FMD 'SUITCASE BOMBS'] -
TSS 1/27/03 (0)

http://www.vegsource.com/talk/madcow/messages/9912395.html


Dockets Entered On October 2, 2003 Table of Contents, Docket #,
Title, 1978N-0301,
OTC External Analgesic Drug Products, ... EMC 7, Terry S. Singeltary Sr.Vol #: 1, ...

www.fda.gov/ohrms/dockets/dailys/03/oct03/100203/100203.htm


Daily Dockets Entered on 02/05/03
DOCKETS ENTERED on 2/5/03. ... EMC 4 Terry S. Singeltary Sr. Vol#: 2.... Vol#: 1.
03N-0009 Federal Preemption of State & Local Medical Device Requireme. ...

www.fda.gov/ohrms/dockets/dailys/03/Feb03/020503/020503.htm


Docket Management
Docket: 02N-0370 - Neurological Devices; Classification of Human Dura Mater
Comment Number: EC -1
Accepted - Volume 1


http://www.fda.gov/ohrms/dockets/dailys/03/Jan03/012403/8004be11.html


http://www.fda.gov/ohrms/dockets/dailys/03/Jan03/012403/8004bdfe.html


http://www.fda.gov/ohrms/dockets/dailys/03/Jan03/012403/8004bdfc.html


TSS